cosmic microwave background temperature

Since the Big Bang is fantacy, a violation of known physical laws. I haven't checked it up, but I would also guess that spontaneous atmospheric or astrophysical masers/lasers could also be lower in temperature. This is the factual basis why we say that higher temperatures are hotter than low ones, not the simple fact that one of the temperatures is a larger number than the other. Negative temperatures are for systems not in equilibrium. The Cosmic Microwave Background is a relic of the time when the universe was hot, dense, and opaque. Like more than a day? The coldest thing in the Universe was the HFI instrument on-board Planck satellite, cooled down at 0.1K. GRT has been tested  only for static or stationary systems where there is not a net exchange of energy (if we exclude gravitational radiation). Imagine  two massive bodies (planets, say). Is CMB radiation just microwave radiation from the water of earth's oceans? No, math allows to see new aspects which were not present under other considerations. Subsequent contributors have amplified and of course thereby greatly improved what I said, with specific examples and more details. The matter density was much greater in the past, when the universe was smaller. Likewise, observing the products of radioactive decay in the atmosphere of a planet would not be an indication of the, presence of intelligence. Indeed, absolute zero is unattainable, but for spin systems weakly coupled to the rest of the world, negative temperatures are in fact a useful concept. At 2 it rises to infinity. However, this is another way of saying that the energy disappeared into “empty space”. The temperature of the CMB depends on the temperature of the universe when the CMB radiation was emitted and the lowering of this radiation by the expansion of the universe during the last 13.6 billion years. The Coulomb interaction remains linear in very high field intensities, such as electrons in nuclear fields. It might however be an indication of the presence of an, organism that was clever but stupid. As S is around 1000, the CMB photons arrive with an energy that is only 1/1000 of their original energy; where is this huge missing energy? As it becomes red-shifted, it's wavelength becomes larger so it's energy becomes smaller. Planck’s predecessors ( NASA's COBE and WMAP missions ) measured the temperature of the CMB to be 2.726 Kelvin (approximately -270 degrees Celsius) almost everywhere on the sky. Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Post Graduate Studies. or of the ratio of population of two states. This curve is known as the power spectrum. Cosmic background radiation is electromagnetic radiation from the Big Bang.The origin of this radiation depends on the region of the spectrum that is observed. This is a contentious way of describing the requirement to use a negative index in the Boltzmann expression when you have an inverted population. The incompatibility of Einstein EP with the local Gravitatio... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background, https://www.google.com/search?q=cosmic+background+microwave&num=20&espv=2&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=CPGjU_yaOMHG7Aal3IH4CQ&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1600&bih=766, http://www.ptep-online.com/index_files/2007/PP-08-01.PDF, https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_you_think_that_general_relativity_needs_modifications_or_it_is_a_perfect_theory?cp=re65_x_p2&ch=reg&loginT=N5VN-KWezrlRehuKPGt34an4t__7mCjbRhxopy4Fbow%2A&pli=1#view=53a3aefad2fd649c2f8b4643, Marie Curie Conference and Training Courses. Is the theory of general relativity incomplete? That may sound like a long time on human timescales, but it really is the blink of an eye when compared to the age of the Universe, which is around 13.7 billion (13,700,000,000) years old. It is not possible only if an object reaches a thermal equilibrium condition with the CB, but a disequilibrium system (an expanding gas system is the most obvious example) could in principle cool at any temperature for a long time before being heated by the CB. The attempt to model properly a free falling body in a gravitational field for GRT seems impossible, only approximations to a certain extent can be found. The cosmic microwave background is isotropic blackbody radiation that fills the entire universe. Whether this can happen in the Universe in a situation where no intelligent life is present is not altogether obvious to me. Therefore it might be possible, that bodies consisting of ice or snow and having a clean surface, have a temperature below cosmic Background temperature. Others may focus on available physical act of observation and ask not for that what it is, but seek an answer on that what is the value observed. As we get close in time to the formation of an event horizon, then in the vicinity of the location where that event horizon will form in the future, time dilation becomes very large. ", and temperature is inversely proportional to mass. In this case they changed the magnetic field such that all the atoms were in the upper energy state. As the universe has expanded, the initially high-energy radiation has been red-shifted to lower and lower temperatures. Indulge me, how do you deal with ever increasing metallicity or, say, the second law of thermodynamics. At that time, the (then visible) radiation background decoupled from the matter. An infinite, steady state Universe, free from known law violations on a macroscopic scale, is far more likely and must produce some CBR. The cosmic Background Radiation is in a very good approximation a black Body Radiation. Indeed, to reach a negative temperature, one does not generally pass through zero, but rather, in some sense, through infinity. The only way to get a population that is mostly in the higher energy state is to use the concept of negative temperatures. One component is the cosmic microwave background.This component is redshifted photons that have freely streamed from an epoch when the Universe became transparent for the first time to radiation. The need for reliable tables of scientific data is not new, nor are projects for providing such tabulations of recent origin. They appear to be new galaxies in formation, ejected from the parent galaxy. But it is just non-physical to claim that it has a gravitational effect. The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is detected in all directions of the sky and appears to microwave telescopes as an almost uniform background. Do you know real observations of cmb in negative real values for the temperature brightness? The Cosmic Microwave Background (or “CMB” for short) is radiation from around 400,000 years after the start of the Universe. Since the cool region would have been thermally uncoupled from the rest of the, universe, an outside observer would not know that the super-low temperature had, Therefore, the only super-low temperatures that would be observed would NOT have been produced by an intelligent organism. What natural phenomena could produce that? The Cosmic Microwave Background is blackbody radiation at a temperature of 2.725 Kelvin. Is there a possibility of CMB to be just a microwave reflection of radiation and not the so called cosmic microwave background radiation? It has a temperature of 1 Kelvin. This occurs only far away from any other Radiation source. The cosmic microwave background is isotropic blackbody radiation that fills the entire universe. was necessary for cooling the optical sensors. Conservation laws presume and imply an invariant, static, universe; but the universe is not static. Since its launch on May 14 (accompanied by its sibling spacecraft Herschel), Planck has been traveling to its final orbit at the second Lagrange point of the sun-Earth system, L2, and cooling its instruments down to their operational temperature of minus 459.49 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 273.05 Celsius). If we extend the example back to the Big Bang, the “Planck scale” photons had Planck energy. GR and modified theories of gravity cannot explain dark energy. What happens to the energy lost by photons as they become red-shifted by gravity or cosmic expansion? observation of a super low temperature was the result of activity of an organism that was clever but stupid. This appears paradoxical, but it is a matter only of the definitions in both cases. When I made my contribution to this discussion my plan was not to go into physical detail but just to give some guidelines. What would be the physical explanation for being colder than the background? This paper deals with the problem under consideration: Ultracold atoms pave way for negative-Kelvin materials. So unfortunately, I guess we have to answer 'yes' to this one, with the corollary that just finding cold things won't help us with alien life. This cosmic microwave background (CMB) is a relict of the "big bang" creation of the universe and reveals precise values for a host of cosmological parameters. If there are none, then would finding a lower temperature be an indication of intelligent life? In general the universe is not in thermal equilibrium, and these temperatures are not the same. And it is long lasting. The Nature paper is the creation of a population inversion. Very nice argument by Porfessor John Beckman. I must say that the Nature headline is sensationalist when it says "Quantum gas goes below absolute zero". Otherwise one should discuss the observational means. However gravitational field interaction in strong gravity limit (but much less than the strength of nuclear field) is highly non linear. Young researchers. There are a lot of definition but how can I correlate it with real experiences? What happens here? The original question asked whether an observation of a temperature below the microwave background would be an indication of intelligent life. Cosmic Microwave Background An all-sky map of the cosmic microwave background, as detected by COBE . Some lumpiness due to galaxy clusters would be expected and is found in the measurements. PMFJI, in the Planck spacecraft the low temperature. thermodynamically such systems will always tend to lose energy to their surroundings, which means that they are in fact hotter than any object or system with a positive temperature, so definitely not the coolest systems in the universe. Wojciech . There was recently an article about the Boomerang Nebula. ``Hot spots'' in the Cosmic Microwave Background result from density fluctuations in the early universe. Wojciech Marczewski, The experiments with the negative temperature, Negative temperatures are a well know phenenomenon in atomic physics. Yet, the total mass/energy will differ in the two cases, and this difference would be attributed to the energy in the gravitational, field itself (in fact a negative contribution, that is more sizeable when the, bodies are close than when they are far apart).". We have dilution refrigerators that continuously keep temperatures around 5-10mKelvin. A tiny differential instant before it forms time dilation approaches infinity. corresponding temperature is negative. Other than in a cryogenic lab, is it possible to find a temperature somewhere in the universe significantly lower than 2.72 K, due to the cosmic background, over a sustained length of time? But due to inhomogeneities of baryonic matter at the last scattering surface, the CMBR temperature varies with direction - cooler in some directions and hotter in others. Planck had tanks with liquid helium aboard, but now. Those photons had about 10. This is called a population inversion. If one can shield it, one can have temperatures lower than microwave background radiation in shielded region for a short time. The CMBR temp. Even the absolute zero is impossible according to the basic law in Physics, then what about the negative temperature? Or is this evidence that there is no conservation of energy over time? Of course it is possible to be colder than the surroundings!

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