maria theresa religion

The emperor became a fugitive in Frankfort. Thus the Theresian period gradually became the "Josephine" period. Pursuing a mercantilist policy on the advice of Joseph von Sonnenfels she granted special privileges to Jews, allowing them to establish factories with the condition that gentile labor be employed. MARIA THERESA ° (1717–1780), empress of Austria from 1740, the first female heir to the Hapsburg throne as a result of the "Pragmatic Sanction" (1713). She had also come to a similar agreement with Russia.

Festivals were reduced in number. The decisive turn of events was brought about by the death of the Russian Empress Elizabeth (1762). It was only in 1811, however, that it was published.

Frederick the Great foresaw the intentions of Maria Theresa in good time, and anticipated her before the preparations of his enemy were completed. Sources dating from 1292 note the presence of Jews in Hanover's "old city" (Altstadt). Frederick the Great had maintained Prussia's power in a severe ordeal. bibliography: I. Cerman, "Maria Theresa in the Mirror of the Mock Jewish Chronicles," in: Judaica Bohemiae, 38 (2003), 5–47; S. Plaggenborg, "Maria Theresa und die boehmischen Juden," in: Bohemia, 39:1 (1998), 1–16; G. Radichevich, "Das oesterreichische Judentum im Zeitalter der Aufklärung," in: F. Potoschnig et al. עיר הכמרים), capital of *Bavaria, central Germany.

Papal Bulls were only to be made public with the consent of the government, and intercourse with Rome was to be conducted through the Foreign Office. However, as the Bavarians, French and Saxons were advancing against her, she was compelled to arrange a truce with Prussia in order to avoid danger from that side. Maria Theresa ruled over Habsburg lands throughout Germany and Italy, primarily as Archduchess of Austria, from 1740 until 1780. As France and England concluded peace in Paris on 10 February, 1763, the empress was compelled to do the same. Maria Theresa concluded the peace of Breslau (6 June, 1742) and ceded to him Silesia except Teschen, Troppau and Jgerndorf. Her … Her court and state chancellor, Count Kaunitz (since 1753) recognized at times that it was better to come to an agreement with Prussia, but he had not the courage to oppose the empress's designs.

Besides, France had no great interest in weakening Prussia, and her active participation was doubtful from the beginning. The English did not renew the agreement to subsidize Frederick. The period was one…, NUREMBERG (Ger. Encyclopaedia Judaica.

Francis I, to whom Theresa was really devoted, and to whom she had borne sixteen children (eleven daughters and five sons), died suddenly, fifty-seven years old (1765). In many respects their views differed, particularly on religious affairs. (Berlin, 1884); VON ARNETH in the Allg. The unified toleration tax introduced in 1749 in Hungary was called "malke-geld" ("queen money"); it was fear for the loss of the revenue from this tax that induced the empress to prohibit the spread of blood libels in 1764.

On 8 November she was present at a hunt and appears to have caught a cold in the pouring rain. The Jesuits lost their standing as confessors at the court, as well as the direction of the theological and philosophical faculties at the University of Vienna, and were confined to the lower schools. In Russia the death of the empress and a consequent change of policy was imminent. She was the last and beyond doubt the greatest of the Hapsburgs. Joseph had entirely different ideas on the treatment of non-Catholics.

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