schizopolis wiki

Another theme is the idea of social restraint versus internal thought: at Lester Richards' funeral, the priest begins the eulogy: "Lester Richards is dead, and aren't you glad it wasn't you?" Korchek has to admit that he has fallen in love with someone else. Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis. [22] About 85% are unemployed. [182], Research findings suggested that other neurotransmission systems including serotonin, glutamate, GABA, and acetycholine were implicated in the development of schizophrenia, and that a more inclusive medication was needed. It is more often reported with use of typical antipsychotics. [222], Exercise therapy has been shown to improve positive and negative symptoms, cognition, and improve quality of life. [7], Negative symptoms are deficits of normal emotional responses, or of other thought processes. [148] This has been seen to have shortcomings relating to negative symptoms, and other scales – the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), and the Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS) have been introduced. [8], Reviews of the film were mixed; it received a 61% rating at review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes,[9] and a "mixed or average reviews" descriptor at Metacritic.
[44] These scales are the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), and the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) also known as second-generation scales. [225] Supervised sessions are recommended. [3][35] Positive symptoms generally respond well to medication,[5] and become reduced over the course of the illness, perhaps related to the age-related decline in dopamine activity. [188], However, the risk of serious adverse effects from clozapine is low, and there are the beneficial effects to be gained of a reduced risk of suicide, and aggression. [282] DSM IV showed an increased focus to an evidence-based medical model. and "Generic greeting returned!" You could also do it yourself at any point in time. [250] Males are affected more often than females, and have a worse outcome. [7] Other symptoms include social withdrawal, decreased emotional expression, and apathy. [7][18] The other half will have a lifelong impairment,[19] and severe cases may be repeatedly admitted to hospital. [14] It occurs 1.4 times more frequently in males than females and typically appears earlier in men[78] – the peak ages of onset are 25 years for males and 27 years for females. [238], Hostility is anger felt and directed at a person or group and has related dimensions of impulsiveness and aggression.

[5] Up to a third of people do not respond to initial antipsychotics, in which case the antipsychotic clozapine may be used. These criteria use the self-reported experiences of the person and reported abnormalities in behavior, followed by a psychiatric assessment. Schizophrenia is diagnosed based on criteria in either the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) published by the American Psychiatric Association or the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) published by the World Health Organization. [185] Risperidone (atypical) has a similar rate of extrapyramidal symptoms to haloperidol (typical). [28] Symptoms are described in terms of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. [158], To make a diagnosis of schizophrenia other possible causes of psychosis need to be excluded.

[126] Furthermore, problems before birth such as maternal infection, maternal malnutrition and complications during pregnancy all increase risk for schizophrenia.

[128], Deficits in executive functions, such as planning, inhibition, and working memory, are pervasive in schizophrenia. [175][176][177] It is recommended that the dosage for those smokers on clozapine be increased by 50%, and for those on olanzapine by 30%. [219][220][221] Peer support, in which people with personal experience of schizophrenia, provide help to each other, is of unclear benefit. [12], In 2000, the World Health Organization found the percentage of people affected and the number of new cases that develop each year is roughly similar around the world, with age-standardized prevalence per 100,000 ranging from 343 in Africa to 544 in Japan and Oceania for men, and from 378 in Africa to 527 in Southeastern Europe for women.

[275], The earliest attempts to treat schizophrenia were psychosurgical, involving either the removal of brain tissue from different regions or the severing of pathways. [139][141], Bayesian models of brain functioning have been utilized to link abnormalities in cellular functioning to symptoms. [173][174], Tobacco smoking increases the metabolism of some antipsychotics, by strongly activitating CYP1A2 the enzyme that breaks them down, and a significant difference is found in these levels between smokers and non-smokers. [98] A possible link between the urban environment and pollution has been suggested to be the cause of the elevated risk of schizophrenia. [136], It has been hypothesized that in some people, development of schizophrenia is related to intestinal tract dysfunction such as seen with non-celiac gluten sensitivity or abnormalities in the gut microbiota. [106] Repeated relapse is linked to an increased risk of suicidal behavior. Elmo and the women speak in a nonsensical code that, for all its complexity, clearly conveys amorous intent: As Elmo makes his rounds, he is followed by a couple in an SUV. [5] Genetic factors include a variety of common and rare genetic variants.

But if you latch onto it early enough, you may find (as we did) that it's fun — and funny — to watch."[12]. "Thank you. [205], TRS may be evident from first episode psychosis, or from a relapse. [45] The BNSS is designed to assess both the presence and severity and change of negative symptoms of the five recognised domains, and the additional item of reduced normal distress. In children hallucinations must be separated from typical childhood fantasies. [73], The question of how schizophrenia could be primarily genetically influenced, given that people with schizophrenia have lower fertility rates, is a paradox. Schizopolis (also known as Steven Soderbergh's Schizopolis) is a 1996 surrealist experimental comedy film with a non-linear narrative written and directed by Steven Soderbergh. I'm having an affair with my wife!". [56][68], Onset may happen suddenly, or may occur after the slow and gradual development of a number of signs and symptoms in a period known as the prodromal stage. [80], Many genes are known to be involved in schizophrenia, each with small effect and unknown transmission and expression. ", "Gamma band oscillations in the early phase of psychosis: A systematic review", "Prenatal maternal infection, neurodevelopment and adult schizophrenia: a systematic review of population-based studies", "How Schizophrenia Develops: Cognitive and Brain Mechanisms Underlying Onset of Psychosis", "Cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia: mechanisms and meaning", "Cognition in schizophrenia: core psychological and neural mechanisms", "Executive function, neural circuitry, and genetic mechanisms in schizophrenia", "Positive symptoms associate with cortical thinning in the superior temporal gyrus via the ENIGMA Schizophrenia consortium", "Prefrontal cortical thinning links to negative symptoms in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium", "Emotional experience in patients with schizophrenia revisited: meta-analysis of laboratory studies", "A new perspective on anhedonia in schizophrenia", "Handedness, language areas and neuropsychiatric diseases: insights from brain imaging and genetics", "Predictive Processing, Source Monitoring, and Psychosis", "Perceiving is believing: a Bayesian approach to explaining the positive symptoms of schizophrenia", "Canonical microcircuits for predictive coding", "How to approach the mental state examination", "Are Shorter Versions of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Doable? Korchek is a conservative dentist who has been mentioned by one or two smaller characters in the first act. He leaves this note on her door and goes home.

[91] Viral infections of the brain during childhood are also linked to a risk of schizophrenia during adulthood. [10] In 2015, an estimated 17,000 deaths were caused by schizophrenia. They include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts and speech, typically regarded as manifestations of psychosis.

[50], DSM-5 states that to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, two diagnostic criteria have to be met over the period of one month, with a significant impact on social or occupational functioning for at least six months.

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