river channel definition gcse

Objective: To understand the processes that affect rivers. is a line representing the river from its source (where it starts) to its mouth (where it meets the sea). Edexcel GCSE Geography A and B Unit 1This video describes how rivers transport, erode and deposit material. Watershed: the outer limit of the drainage basin. Attrition. When the river floods, the biggest, most coarse material will be dumped close to the river banks. Rivers flood when the amount of water (discharge) in the river is _____ than the river channel can hold. GCSE Geography Rivers and water learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers. of the river. A river is a component of the water cycle. In the lower course, the river has a high volume and a large discharge. Koukoouadjaze. River are forced to slow down when they meet the sea or a lake. Useful vocabulary Condensation: The cooling of a gas so that it changes into a liquid, for instance as water vapour cools, it condenses to become water droplets, which, when heavy enough, fall as rain. - in the upper course, where the river starts, there is often an upland area. Abrasion. The spacing of the riffles and pools , and, the distance between them leads to the flow of the river becoming uneven and maximum flow then becomes concentrated on one side of the river. attrition. A - as the river flows downhill there is an increase in vertical erosion. Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. - as the river flows downhill there is an increase in. The river channel is now deep and wide and the landscape around it is flat. However, as a river reaches the end of its journey, energy levels are low and, A floodplain is the area around a river that is covered in times of flood. Copy the definitions of the four main processes of erosion into your table on the worksheet (you should remember these from your coasts work). Alluvium: rock particles (clay, silt, sand and gravel) deposited by a river. 14 terms. Mouth: the end of the river, where it meets the sea. Discharge - The quantity of water that passes a given point on a stream or river‐bank within a given period of time. 4. The channel is wider and deeper as a result. GCSE Geography Key Words -Rivers. Floodplains Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. As the river moves from the upper course to the lower course, the features in the river will change. It is a very fertile area due to the rich, A build-up of alluvium on the banks of a river can create. A long profile is a line representing the river from its source (where it starts) to its mouth (where it meets the sea). It is usually measured in cubic meters per second. Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. at a certain point along the river’s course. Mouth - where a river meets the sea; Confluence - the point at which two rivers meet; Tributary - a small river or stream that joins a larger river; Channel - this is where the river flows The lower course sees the river flowing at its fastest until it slows down when it meets the sea. The river may begin to meander in this section. A build-up of alluvium on the banks of a river can create levees, which raise the river bank. The discharge of a river is the volume of water which flows through it in a given time. Material that is largest is found on the upstream side of the river. Deposition It drops its load (material … Transportation 3. For example if a _____basin has a lot of impermeable _____ then water will not be able to infiltrate into the ground. Alongside every river is a shoreline, and somewhere along the shoreline, there is a floodplain. They are also associated with rivers with rapid and frequent variation in the amount of water they carry, i.e., with "flashy" river Where material may be deposited on the inside convex bend of a river. - in the lower course, the land is a lot flatter. In contrast, due to friction the river loses energy as it flows over the riffles. ... Channel Bed Roughness: Definition. Source: start of the river ( there may be many). The river channel is deeper in the pools which means it is more efficient, has more energy, and erosive power. Attrition: The particles are knocked about as they are transported, and they gradually become more rounded and reduced in size.. Base Level: the mouth of the river and the point where the gradient becomes zero. Vertical erosion in this highland part of the river helps to create steep-sided V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, rapids, waterfalls and gorges. The channel is very wide, deep in places where the water is flowing quickest, and smooth sided. at which water flows along it. Definition. This has occurred on the Mississippi river and in York, but can cause flooding in downstream areas - a knock on consequence. River beds provide an essential habitat for the fish and animals that reside in the rivers. Transportation is the movement of sand, silt, sediment, or anything else carried by a river, from one point to another by the river. DEFINITION Channel efficiency is a measure of the ability of a channel shape to transfer water downstream. For the collection of your qualitative data it is not necessary (or practical!) The logic behind this is to speed up water flow in flood prone areas, and stop water from "hanging around". Alluvium. Drainage Basin: the total area drained by a river … AS GEOGRAPHY HYDROLOGY 4 QUESTIONS REVISION CHANNEL EFFICIENCY 2. As the river erodes the landscape in the upper course, it winds and bends to avoid areas of hard rock. The river's load is fine sediment, as erosion has broken down the rocks. A cross profile shows a cross-section of a river’s channel and valley at a certain point along the river’s course. Erosion, transportation and deposition all occur in a river. REVISION AS CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: RIVERS - CHANNEL EFFICIENCY 1. as rocks are transported they smash into each other. When the river floods, the biggest, most coarse material will be dumped close to the river banks. . A cross profile shows a cross-section of a river’s channel and valley at a certain point along the river’s course. The river's, is large in the upper course, as it hasn't been broken down by. The river channel is now deep and wide and the landscape around it is flat. Braided channels tend to form in rivers that have a significant amount of sedimentary load, a steep profile and where discharge regularly fluctuates. Deposition Task 1 - Go to this revision site from the BBC. STUDY. sinuously curves in which water streams move among, transporting high quantities of sediments in suspension The river will now have a wide floodplain. The accessibility of your chosen site will have an influence on your approach to sampling – for a question investigating downstream changes it is ideal to gather data from points progressively further downstream. Moving from the upper course to the lower course, the rates of erosion, transportation and deposition change. A systematic Erosion & Weathering 2. There are very specific characteristics attributed to each part of a river's course. The flat area next to the river channel, especially in the lower part of the course. GCSE Rivers Glossary. Some rivers flood more often than others. It will then have to flow very quickly over the surface towards to river. It shows how the river changes over its course. It is the ratio between the length of wetted perimeter and cross section of a river channel.Wetted perimeter: the entire length of the riverbed bank and sides in contact with water.The examples below show the difference between an efficient river channel and an inefficient river channel:/**/ Cross-section area: Wetted perimeters: Hydraulic radius: Stream A = 400m2 Stream A = 18m Stream A 40 / 18 = … Overtime the deposited material builds up creating levees along the channel edge. The channel is shallow and narrow because there is not a lot of water in the channel. This involves digging a straighter shorter channel in areas where rivers meander. – as the river flows into the middle course, there is some vertical erosion but more. River landforms can be divided into upper, middle and lower course features. Read about our approach to external linking. The water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater. Happens when bits of loads carried by the river hits the bed and banks, causing bits to break off. - in the lower course there is a lot less erosion, with only some lateral erosion. The technical definition of a flood is when the water leaves the main river channel or defined edges. GCSE Geography Revision - Made Easy! STUDY. This will continue to build up the levee over time. Everything you need to know about Lower Course Features of Rivers! If you are offered a cross profile diagram of a valley that appears to have sides that slope gently and quite a deep channel of water in the bottom, then that usually means that you are looking at the middle course of a river, where the gradient is medium. This will continue to build up the levee over time. A braided river, or braided channel, consists of a network of river channels separated by small, often temporary, islands called braid bars or, in English usage, aits or eyots. Abrasion. Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). . The volume of the discharge will be determined by factors such as climate, vegetation, soil type, drainage basin relief and the activities of man. Floodplain Zoning. The velocity will change along the course of any river, and is determined by factors such as the gradient (how steeply the river is losing height), the volume of water, the shape of the river channel and the amount of friction created by the bed, rocks and plants. Deposition is the main process in this part of the river, which creates large floodplains and deltas. This makes floodplains a good place for agriculture. The channel is at its widest and deepest. If a river meander becomes increasingly tight over time, leading to a narrow neck, in times of flood the neck is broken through. Abrasion: the pebbles being transported wear away the bed and banks of the river channel. In GCSE Geography students will look at rivers. PLAY. A river is split up unto 3 parts - upper course, middle course and lower course. Not all energy is available to erode or transport sediment. The pebbles being transported wear away the bed and banks of the river channel. Introduction Calculation. The river channel is at its widest and deepest as it flows towards its mouth. The particles are knocked about as they are transported, and they gradually become more rounded and reduced in size. However, as a river reaches the end of its journey, energy levels are low and deposition takes place. OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR. the Hood Canal Definition for Hazards. 3. Coasts Definition. It is a very fertile area due to the rich alluvium deposited by floodwaters. Introduction. the river channel. Every time that a river floods its banks, it will deposit more silt or alluvium on the flood plain. Tributary: a smaller river that joins a larger one.. Confluence: the joining of a tributary to the larger channel.. eroded rocks scape and rub against the channel wearing it away. Attrition. River Discharge Index. When the river’s carrying capacity is exceeded the river deposits its load into the channel and eyots form. It shows how the river changes over its course. 1. A river is a natural waterway that transports water through a landscape from higher to lower elevations. There are three main processes that affect rivers and their valleys. Energy in a river is determined by three factors: mass of water; the height of the river above sea level; the gradient of the channel. QUESTION 1 How is efficiency measured? In physical geography, a channel is a type of landform consisting of the outline of a path of relatively shallow and narrow body of fluid, most commonly the confine of a river, river delta or strait.The word is cognate to canal, and sometimes takes this form, e.g. Changing channel characteristics – cross profile, wetted perimeter, hydraulic radius etc Energy in a river. ... GCSE river processes. MrMoat. 12 terms. The river is also more efficient since proportionally less water is in contact with the bed and banks thus reducing energy lost to friction. Key words. However, as a river reaches the end of its journey, energy levels are low and deposition takes place. Rock particles (clay, silt, sand and gravel) deposited by a river. Read about our approach to external linking. Levees are formed by the repeated flooding of the river. A floodplain is the area where the river ends up when it has more water than it can hold in its channel. GCSE Rivers Definitions. PLAY. The image below shows the Waimakariri River which is braided over most of its course. Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). /**/ Confluence: Where two rivers meet and join to form one larger river. One aspect of this topic is flooding. INCREASES Tributaries and flows directly increase 'volume' of water and river width increases due to lateral erosion. ; Flood - Occurs when river discharge exceeds river channel capacity and water spills out of the channel onto the floodplain and other areas. to measure all parts of the river – you will need to take a sample. If the sea does not wash away the material it builds up and the channel gets blocked and is forced to … Braided streams tend to occur in rivers with high sediment loads and/or coarse grain sizes, and in rivers with steeper slopes than typical rivers with straight or meandering channel patterns. Get the lesson work sheet Get the lesson. A floodplain is the area around a river that is covered in times of flood. The gradient here is steep and the river channel is narrow. About as they are transported, and smooth sided meet the sea ) water a... Flows over the riffles river deposits its load into the channel is shallow and narrow because there is increase! 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Until it slows down when it meets the sea or a lake erosion. And deeper as a result see content that 's tailored for you lower. Side of the river flowing at its fastest until it slows down they... Deposited by a river see content that 's tailored for you for the of... - a knock on consequence given point on a stream or river‐bank within a given period time!

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