alauddin khilji wife kamala devi

[3], After crossing the Banas River, Alauddin's forces captured a fort called Radosa. However, historian Peter Jackson believes that Barani's statement is inaccurate: Karna fled to Devagiri only during the later 1304 invasion. Also read Aamir Khan REACTS on the attack on Sanjay Leela Bhansali on 'Padmavati' sets On 21 October 1296, Alauddin was formally proclaimed as the Sultan in Delhi. Alauddin also eliminated the intermediary Hindu rural chiefs, and started collecting the kharaj directly from the cultivators. His coins omitted the mention of the Khalifa, replacing it with the self-laudatory title Sikander-us-sani Yamin-ul-Khilafat. According to Dabir, this was the main cause of misunderstanding between Alauddin and his first wife. Account books were audited and even small discrepancies were punished. The two generals later returned to Delhi with the wives and daughters of Karna. [93] By suppressing these chiefs, Alauddin projected himself as the protector of the weaker section of the rural society. “Ranveer is amazing. While an officer named Bhimadeva ("Bhim Deo") was escorting Devala to Shankaradeva, some Muslim soldiers visiting Ellora chanced upon his contingent. She kept a close watch on Alauddin, and encouraged her daughter's arrogant behavior towards him. [57][58], Khalji territory at its maximum extent (dark green) and territory of the Khalji tributaries (light green), Around 1308, Alauddin sent Malik Kafur to invade Devagiri, whose king Ramachandra had discontinued the tribute payments promised in 1296, and had granted asylum to the Vaghela king Karna at Baglana. [63], The plunder obtained from Devagiri prompted Alauddin to plan an invasion of the other southern kingdoms, which had accumulated a huge amount of wealth, having been shielded from the foreign armies that had ransacked northern India. [1] According to the Persian historian Wassaf (fl. [131] A deep emotional bond developed between Alauddin and Kafur. However, this account appears to be hearsay. [96] He also levied taxes on residences (ghari) and grazing (chara'i), which were not sanctioned by the Islamic law. [10], According to Jinaprabha, Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan destroyed hundreds of towns, including Asapalli (modern Ahmedabad), Vanmanthali and Surat. While sani is Arabic for to 'brilliant'. Bhuvanasimha belonged to the Sisodia branch of the Guhilas, and may have served as a feudatory of Samarasimha. Over the next few years, Alauddin successfully fended off the Mongol invasions from the Chagatai Khanate, at Jaran-Manjur (1297–1298), Sivistan (1298), Kili (1299), Delhi (1303), and Amroha (1305). Assuming this is correct, Alauddin's birth can be dated to 1266–1267. Alauddin ordered the convicts to be sawn into two. [33], Sultan Alau'd Din put to Flight; Women of Ranthambhor commit Jauhar, a Rajput painting from 1825, In 1301, Alauddin ordered Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan to invade Ranthambore, whose king Hammiradeva had granted asylum to the leaders of the mutiny near Jalore. [132] Historian Judith E. Walsh, scholar Nilanjan Sarkar and scholar Thomas Gugler also believe Alauddin and Kafur were lovers in a sexually intimate relationship. [4] The 15th century text Kanhadade Prabandha also states that the Vaghela king had humiliated Madhava, killed his brother Keshava, and abducted his wife. The Jain author Merutunga also states that he ruled up to 1304 CE. In 1296, Alauddin raided Devagiri, and acquired loot to stage a successful revolt against Jalaluddin. Kamala Devi, the wife of King Karna, was sent to Alauddin. The conditions seem to have changed a year later. The kingdom was attacked by two sides–one being led by Malik Kafur and other by Alp Khan of Gujarat. Having questioned the motive for Khilji's invasion of Chittor, "it should be remembered that Khilji's lust for a Hindu queen is proved by the known instances of Queen Kamala Devi of Gujarat and the daughter of King Ramachandra of Devagiri. [14] A dejected Ruknuddin then retreated and escaped to Multan with his mother and the loyal nobles. [87] He imposed a 50% kharaj tax on the agricultural produce in a substantial part of northern India: this was the maximum amount allowed by the Hanafi school of Islam, which was dominant in Delhi at that time.[88]. Henceforth, "everybody was busy earning with earning a living so that nobody could even think of rebellion". Kamala Devi was presented to Alauddin Khalji as a booty of war. The region beyond Lahore suffered from Mongol raids and Khokhar rebellions. [17][18], Shortly after the conquest of Multan, Alauddin appointed Nusrat Khan as his wazir (prime minister). [86], After some initial conspiracies and Hindu revolts in rural areas during the early period of his reign, he struck the root of the problem by introducing reforms that also aimed at ensuring support of his army and food supply to his capital. According to the 16th/17th-century chronicler Haji-ud-Dabir, Alauddin was 34 years old when he started his march to Ranthambore (1300–1301). [13] At Baran, Alauddin was joined by seven powerful Jalaluddin's nobles who had earlier opposed him. The fort walls were mainly constructed using rubble (in mud), although there are some traces of ashlar masonry (in lime and lime plaster). [137], In 1296, Alauddin constructed the Hauz-i-Alai (later Hauz-i-Khas) water reservoir, which covered an area of 70 acres, and had a stone-masonry wall. Alauddin married Kamala Devi after converting her to Islam. He never asked for legal opinions about political matters, and very few learned men visited him. The purport of this extreme meekness and humility on his part... is to show the extreme submissiveness incumbent upon this race. [23], When Alauddin heard about the mutiny, he ordered the arrests of the wives and children of the mutineers in Delhi. I … Having suddenly become a princess after Jalaluddin's rise as a monarch, she was very arrogant and tried to dominate Alauddin. The period drama stars Ranveer Singh as Alauddin Khilji, Aditi Rao Hydari as his wife Kamala Devi, Deepika Padukone as Rani Padmavati and Shahid as Rawal Ratan Singh. [162] Kakkasuri in Nabhi-nandana-jinoddhara-prabandha mentions Alp Khan issuing a farman permitting the Jain merchant Samara Shah to renovate a damaged Shatrunjaya temple. 'Tanhaji' Review: Propaganda Weighs Down an Already Mediocre Film. Directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali, the period drama features Ranveer as Alauddin Khilji while Aditi will play his wife, Kamala Devi. [20], As a result, a section of the army revolted against the generals. [128], Malik Kafur, an attractive eunuch slave captured during the Gujarat campaign,[129] caught the fancy of Alauddin. According to Amir Khusrow, 20,000 Mongols were killed in the battle, and many more were killed in Delhi after being brought there as prisoners. [121], Alauddin also married Kamala Devi, a Hindu woman, who was originally the chief queen of Karna, the Vaghela king of Gujarat. Alauddin conquered the kingdoms of Gujarat (raided in 1299 and annexed in 1304), Ranthambore (1301), Chittor (1303), Malwa (1305), Siwana (1308), and Jalore (1311). [23] According to him, the practice of punishing wives and children for the crimes of men started with this incident in Delhi. Multan was controlled by Jalaluddin's son Arkali, who harboured the fugitives from Delhi. [107] He also banned gambling, and excommunicated drunkards and gamblers from Delhi, along with vendors of intoxicants. Sultan Allauddin had an eldest son, who was his heir and his name was Khizr Khan (Mahru’s son). The individual soldiers in the Delhi army had also managed to gather their own loot. The Delhi forces plundered several major cities of Gujarat, including Anahilavada (Patan), Khambhat, Surat and Somnath. He states that Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan plundered Gujarat, after Karna fled to the Devagiri. Sikander-e-Sani may also roughly translate to 'the second Alexander', an attempt by Khalji to associate himself with the famous conqueror. [24] In 1298–99, another Mongol army (possibly Neguderi fugitives) invaded Sindh, and occupied the fort of Sivistan. [7], According to Amir Khusrau's poem Ashiqa, Karna and his queen Kamala Devi had a daughter named Devala Devi ("Dewal Di"). [30], The most accurate among all these accounts seems to be that of Isami, who spent considerable time in the Deccan region. The incident related to Queen Kamala Devi of Gujarat having been forced into the Alauddin harem was also not recorded by him till the Sultan breathed his … This gives enough ammunition to argument that one of the objective of Alauddin to attack Chittor was to attain Rani Pamini. [98] However, Barani states that Alauddin wanted to reduce the prices so that low salaries were acceptable to his soldiers, and thus, to maintain a large army. She refused to … Sultan had married Kamala Devi. Some time later, in 1297 Kamala Devi married Ala-ud-din Khilji, the first recorded marriage between a Hindu princess and a Muslim ruler. Alauddin's conquest of Gujarat would make it convenient for the Muslim merchants of north India to participate in international trade. ", https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/padmavati-isnt-history-so-whats-all-the-fuss-about/articleshow/56839266.cms, http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-chitoor-rani-padmini-1963/article7312841.ece, "Actor's actor Om Puri redefined idea of male lead", https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/actors-actor-om-puri-redefined-idea-of-male-lead/articleshow/56384430.cms, "Did You Know? The Hindu was to be reduced to be so reduced as to be unable to keep a horse to ride on, wear fine clothes, or to enjoy any luxuries of life. [114] Kafur had Alauddin's eldest sons Khizr Khan and Shadi Khan blinded. [84] However, his other regulations, including price control, were revoked by his son Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah a few months after his death. According to the contemporary chronicler Amir Khusrau, the temple was bent into the direction of Kaaba (qibla). He also had to face talk of conspiracies at his court. about Rani Padmini, the queen of Chittorgarh, and Alauddin Khilji, the ruler of Delhi.According to media reports the film is portraying a love story between Padmini and Khilji. [66], Meanwhile, after conquering Siwana, Alauddin had ordered his generals to subjugate other parts of Marwar, before returning to Delhi. The wife of the king, Kamala Devi, was captured and later married the Sultan. He was the eldest son of Shihabuddin Mas'ud, who was the elder brother of the Khalji dynasty's founder Sultan Jalaluddin. [14] This account is also confirmed by the Delhi Sultanate chronicler Ziauddin Barani. [13] As Alauddin marched to Delhi, the news spread in towns and villages that he was recruiting soldiers while distributing gold. [114] He became infatuated with his slave-general Malik Kafur, who became the de facto ruler of the Sultanate after being promoted to the rank of viceroy (Na'ib). After Jalaluddin became the Sultan of Delhi, Alauddin was appointed as Amir-i-Tuzuk (equivalent to Master of ceremonies), while Almas Beg was given the post of Akhur-beg (equivalent to Master of the Horse). Padmavati aka Padmini was the legendary queen of Chitrakot (Chittor) married to the Rajput King Rawal Ratan Singh aka Ratan Sen. Meanwhile, the head of Jalaluddin was paraded on a spear in his camp before being sent to Awadh. The generals punished several soldiers. [16] Wassaf summarizes the invasion as follows: Wassaf also states that the invaders discovered a beautiful jasper-coloured stone with ornamental figures from the ruins of the destroyed temples. [142], In 1311, Alauddin repaired the 100-acre Hauz-i-Shamasi reservoir that had been constructed by Shamsuddin Iltutmish in 1229, and also built a dome at its centre. The invaders cut off its perfumed limbs, destroyed it, and carried its fragments to Delhi. These victories ended several Hindu dynasties, including the Paramaras, the Vaghelas, the Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura and Jalore, the Rawal branch of the Guhilas, and possibly the Yajvapalas. Karna unwillingly accepted the condition. However, historian Kishori Saran Lal dismisses this account as inaccurate. [108] Firishta states that he classified prostitutes into three grades, and fixed their fees accordingly. 1299-1323), Alauddin invaded Gujarat because "the vein of the zeal of religion beat high for the subjection of infidelity and destruction of idols. Just like the Islamic prophet Muhammad's four Rashidun caliphs helped spread Islam, Alauddin believed that he too had four Khans (Ulugh, Nusrat, Zafar and Alp), with whose help he could establish a new religion. [11] The attackers killed a son of Alauddin's sister, mistaking him for Ulugh Khan. Sultan Allauddin had an eldest son, who was his heir and his name was Khizr Khan (Mahru's son). At times, he exploited Muslim fanaticism against Hindu chiefs and the treatment of the zimmis. Alauddin also married Kamala Devi, a Hindu woman, who was originally the chief queen of Karna, the Vaghela king of Gujarat. However, Alauddin marched directly to Kara with all the wealth. 355–392. However, his elder son Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah seized the power shortly after his death. [42][43] Meanwhile, the Warangal campaign was unsuccessful (because of heavy rains according to Ziauddin Barani), and the army had lost several men and its baggage. [31] In the ensuing Battle of Kili, Alauddin personally led the Delhi forces, but his general Zafar Khan attacked the Mongols without waiting for his orders. He undertook measures to impoverish them and felt it was justified because he knew that the chiefs and muqaddams led a luxurious life but never paid a jital in taxes. Because of the large presence of non-Muslims in the imperial army, Alaul Mulk advised him not to leave Delhi to repel the Mongol Qutlugh Khwaja who had surrounded it. The incident was reported to Jalaluddin, but the Sultan did not take any action against Alauddin. [138], Like his predecessors, Alauddin was a Sunni Muslim. The Deccan Policies, campaigns and its military operations were mostly carried out by Malik Kafur the great noteworthy general […] "[155], Alauddin believed "that the Hindu will never be submissive and obedient to the Musalman unless he is reduced to abject poverty." [7], On the third day after Karna fled his capital Anahilavada (modern Patan, called Nahrwala in Muslim chronicles), the invaders arrived in the city. Allauddin Khilji fell in love with a Hindu Princess Kamla Devi, and married her. On the day of the mutiny, the rebels attacked the generals' camp from one side, while the Chahamana army attacked it from the other side. [27] Barani, however, does not mention Devala Devi's name. According to him, Alauddin's forces returned to Delhi after plundering Gujarat, and Karna re-occupied his capital. After reaching Kara, Alauddin sent a letter of apology to the Sultan, and expressed concern that his enemies may have poisoned the Sultan's mind against him during his absence. [34] During the Ranthambore campaign, Alauddin faced three unsuccessful rebellions. Therefore, he shrewdly surrendered the loot from Bhilsa to Jalaluddin to win the Sultan's confidence, while withholding the information on the Yadava kingdom. Capturing Women of Captured Kingdom: Generals of Alauddin had captured wife Kamala Devi of King Karna after capturing Patan in Gujarat. Haunting story of Jauhar. When Jalaluddin became the Sultan of Delhi after deposing the Mamluks, Alauddin was given the position of Amir-i-Tuzuk (equivalent to master of ceremonies). Directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali, the period drama features Ranveer as Alauddin Khilji while Aditi will play his wife, Kamala Devi. [48], In 1304, Alauddin appears to have ordered a second invasion of Gujarat, which resulted in the annexation of the Vaghela kingdom to the Delhi Sultanate. But Mahlak Dev refused to give in to Alauddin Khilji so easily. Qutlugh Tigin 3. Fax Number 800-539-4939. Khan Khilji was not on good terms with his daughter to Ramachandra 's Arkali... Initially, Alauddin formed a provisional government at Kara, Jalaluddin appointed him the... He ordered a massacre of 30,000 local Hindus after this conquest Jain author Merutunga also states that Ulugh attacked. Two days, Alauddin Khalji as a monarch, she requested Alauddin to carry out this purge rest the! Merchant Samara Shah to renovate a damaged Shatrunjaya temple, while Ahmad recommended... Many treasures, elephants and horses had settled in India after converting to Islam once, while Alauddin and Hindu. 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